Top 8 Oldest Cities in France
Top 8 Oldest Cities in France: France, a global powerhouse, boasts a history that spans millions of years, with pre-human ancestors inhabiting its land since 1.6 million years ago. The roots of many of its oldest cities can be traced back to the 7th century BCE, when Greek sailors and Celtic tribes left an indelible mark on the landscape.
List of Top 8 Oldest Cities in France
8. Calais
Founded in the 1st century BCE, Calais, situated in Hauts-de-France, has a history entwined with strategic military importance. Its location overlooking the Strait of Dover made it a launching point for military campaigns, notably Julius Caesar’s expedition to Britannia. Calais, also known as Caletum during Roman rule, endured sieges in the 14th, 15th, 16th, and 20th centuries, bearing witness to the ebb and flow of historical conflicts.
7. Paris
Established around 259 BCE, Paris, located in Île-de-France, traces its origins to the Celtic tribe Parisii. Lutetia, as the Romans named it, evolved into Paris during the 4th century. Over the centuries, Paris served as the capital under various rulers, solidifying its status after resisting Attila the Hun. Since 1944, Paris, a cultural, political, and economic hub, has remained the unwavering capital of France.
6. Bordeaux
Founded in the 4th century BCE by the Celtic Bituriges Vivisci, Bordeaux’s strategic location between the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and the Iberian Peninsula facilitated its rise as a crucial city. Falling to the Roman Empire in 60 BCE, Bordeaux became a vital trading hub. Today, Bordeaux’s renown extends beyond its historical significance, as it stands as a leader in the global wine industry, contributing significantly to France’s economy.
5. Metz
Dating back to the 5th century BCE, Metz’s Celtic roots were fortified by the Romans, with a Christian influence emerging in the 3rd century CE. Ravaged by the Huns in 451 CE, Metz rebounded, becoming the capital of the Kingdom of Austrasia and later flourishing under the Holy Roman Empire. Metz’s resilience and cultural revival in the 10th century marked it as a key player in France’s historical landscape.
4. Toulon
With origins in the 6th to 5th centuries BCE, Toulon’s history unfolds along the Mediterranean coast. Initially settled by the Phoenicians, it became Telo Martius under Roman rule. Toulon’s significance as a military port faced challenges, particularly during attempts by King Charles VII to establish it as a strategic point against Italy. Despite hurdles, Toulon emerged as a vital military location, contributing to France’s historical narratives.
3. Bourges
Founded in the 6th century BCE, Bourges, in Centre-Val de Loire, witnessed the Celts’ initial settlements before falling to Julius Caesar in 52 BCE. A refuge during the Hundred Years’ War, Bourges flourished as an artistic and cultural center. Charles VII’s establishment of Bourges as his capital showcased its pivotal role in shaping France’s destiny.
2. Avignon
Dating back to the 6th century BCE, Avignon’s history is enigmatic, with artifacts suggesting even earlier settlements. Positioned strategically along trading routes, Avignon thrived under Roman rule before becoming a stronghold during the Middle Ages. As the capital of the Catholic papacy in the 14th century, Avignon held immense religious significance until the French Revolution reshaped its historical trajectory.
1. Marseille
Founded in 600 BCE by Greek sailors from Phocaea, Marseille stands as the oldest city in France. Initially named Massalia, it thrived as a Roman trading center. Marseille played a central role in the French Revolution and remains France’s largest city on the Mediterranean coast, a bustling port vital for commerce and maritime activities.
These eight cities, each with a unique historical tapestry, weave together to form a captivating narrative of France’s enduring past.
……………….By ZNT News